Speed, Time &
Distance — Complete Notes
Theory · All Formulas · Short Tricks · 100 Solved Questions · Answer Key
Speed, Time and Distance (เคाเคฒ, เคธเคฎเคฏ เคเคฐ เคฆूเคฐी) — yeh topic har competitive exam mein 4 se 6 questions laata hai. SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, Banking PO/Clerk, Railways RRB, Defence CDS — sab jagah se seedha poochha jaata hai. Is ek post mein aapko milega: complete theory, unit conversion table, 18+ formulas, 12 shortcut tricks, aur 100 SSC ke real solved questions with full solutions — bilkul ek hi jagah par. Bookmark kar lo!
๐ Table of Contents
- Introduction & Basic Concepts
- Unit Conversion Table
- All 18 Important Formulas
- 12 Key Rules & Short Tricks
- Type 1 — Basic Speed, Distance, Time (Q1–Q10)
- Type 2 — Average Speed Problems (Q11–Q18)
- Type 3 — Late / Early Arrival (Q19–Q26)
- Type 4 — Police & Thief / Chase (Q27–Q33)
- Type 5 — Two People Meeting (Q34–Q38)
- Type 6 — Race Problems (Q39–Q46)
- Type 7 — Boats & Streams (Q47–Q54)
- Type 8 — Stoppage Problems (Q55–Q58)
- Type 9 — Mixed / Advanced (Q59–Q65)
- Practice Exercise — Unsolved (Q66–Q80)
- Quick Formula Cheatsheet
- Complete Answer Key
Jab koi cheez ek jagah se doosri jagah jaati hai — insaan, gaadi, train, naav — to teen quantities involve hoti hain: Speed (เคाเคฒ), Time (เคธเคฎเคฏ) aur Distance (เคฆूเคฐी). Inka ek simple relationship hai jo saare problems solve karta hai.
Agar aap 60 km/h ki speed se 3 ghante chalen, to aap 180 km cover karenge. Yahi logic exam mein alag-alag roop mein poochha jaata hai — kabhi speed nikalte hain, kabhi time, kabhi distance.
Distance = Speed × Time | Speed = Distance ÷ Time | Time = Distance ÷ Speed
Koi do values pata hain → teesri seedha nikalti hai. Yeh chapter ka aadhar hai.
| Term | Meaning | Units Used |
|---|---|---|
| Speed (เคाเคฒ) | Unit time mein covered distance | km/h, m/s, miles/h |
| Distance (เคฆूเคฐी) | Do points ke beech ki lambai | km, m, miles |
| Time (เคธเคฎเคฏ) | Journey mein laga waqt | Hours, minutes, seconds |
| Average Speed | Total Distance ÷ Total Time | km/h ya m/s |
| Relative Speed | Ek object ki speed dusre ke relative | Same dir: S₁−S₂ | Opp: S₁+S₂ |
| Downstream (เค เคจुเคช्เคฐเคตाเคน) | Dhara ke saath naav ki speed | B + W (boat + current) |
| Upstream (เคช्เคฐเคคिเคช्เคฐเคตाเคน) | Dhara ke virudh naav ki speed | B − W (boat − current) |
Exam mein aksar units convert karni padti hain. Sabse common conversion — km/h to m/s — hamesha aata hai. Yeh table ek baar dekho, pakka yaad ho jaayega.
| Given | Convert To | Multiply By | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| km/h | m/s | 5/18 | 90 km/h = 90 × 5/18 = 25 m/s |
| m/s | km/h | 18/5 | 25 m/s = 25 × 18/5 = 90 km/h |
| km/h | m/min | 50/3 | 60 km/h = 60 × 50/3 = 1000 m/min |
| minutes | hours | ÷ 60 | 45 min = 45/60 = 0.75 hr |
| 1 km | metres | × 1000 | 5 km = 5000 m |
| 1 hour | seconds | × 3600 | 2 hr = 7200 sec |
Distance = Speed × TimeSpeed = Distance / TimeTime = Distance / SpeedAvg = 2xy / (x + y)Avg = 3xyz / (xy+yz+zx)Relative S = S₁ − S₂Relative S = S₁ + S₂D = S₁×S₂×(t₁+t₂) / (S₂−S₁)D = S₁×S₂×(t₂−t₁) / (S₁−S₂)Stop = (a−b)/a × 60 minSa/Sb = √(Tb / Ta)D = Boat speed + CurrentU = Boat speed − CurrentB = (Downstream + Upstream) / 2W = (Downstream − Upstream) / 2Time = L / (S₁ − S₂)Time = L / (S₁ + S₂)New T = Old T × Old S / New S- 1Speed–Time Inverse Relation: Distance same ho to speed aur time hamesha inverse proportion mein hote hain. Speed double → Time half. Speed 3× → Time 1/3.
- 2Average Speed (Equal Distance): Same distance, alag speeds — Average = 2ab/(a+b). Yeh arithmetic mean NAHI hota! Hmeshaa harmonic mean use karo.
- 3Late/Early Arrival: Speed S₁ pe t₁ late, S₂ pe t₂ early → D = (S₁ × S₂ × (t₁+t₂)) / (S₂−S₁). Dono late ho to difference (t₂−t₁) lena.
- 4% Speed Change → Time Change: Agar speed x% badhe, to new time = old time × 100/(100+x). Speed 25% badhi → time = 4/5 hua (20% kam).
- 5Police-Thief Chase: Head start = d. Relative speed = S_police − S_thief. Time to catch = d ÷ Relative speed. Thief ki distance = S_thief × time to catch.
- 6Stoppage Formula: Without stop = a km/h, with stop = b km/h. Stopping time per hour = (a−b)/a × 60 minutes.
- 7Crossing After Meeting: A aur B opposite direction se mile, phir apne destination T_A aur T_B mein pahunche. Speed ratio = Sa/Sb = √(T_B/T_A).
- 8Circular Track: Same dir: L/(S₁−S₂). Opposite dir: L/(S₁+S₂). Starting point pe milna = LCM of (L/S₁, L/S₂).
- 9Boats & Streams: Downstream = B+W, Upstream = B−W → Boat = (D+U)/2, Water = (D−U)/2. Yeh 4 formulas ratt lo — direct answer milta hai.
- 10Race Head Start: A beats B by x metres in L metre race → A's speed : B's speed = L : (L−x). Then use chain rule for three-person races.
- 11Train Problems: Train ek pole/platform cross karta hai: (Train length + Object length) ÷ Relative speed = Time. Same dir relative = S₁−S₂, Opposite = S₁+S₂.
- 12Unit Trick — Always First: Ek hi unit mein convert karo. km/h × 5/18 = m/s. m/s × 18/5 = km/h. Exams mein yeh galti bohot logo se hoti hai.
Speed = 300 m / 36 sec = 25/3 m/s
km/h = 25/3 × 18/5 = 25 × 6/5 = 30 km/h
Speed = 230 ÷ 5 = 46 km/h
Distance in 9 hrs = 46 × 9 = 414 km
Speed = 90 km / (50/60) hr = 108 km/h
m/s = 108 × 5/18 = 30 m/s
Distance = 10 × 2 = 20 km. New speed = 20 km/h. New time = 1 hr.
Time saved = 2 − 1 = 1 hour = 60 minutes
Distance = 60 × 3 = 180 km. Time at 40 km/h = 180/40 = 4.5 hours
Distance = 40 × 7 = 280 km. New speed = 280 / 5 = 56 km/h
Distance = 36 × 85/60 = 51 km. New time = 85−51 = 34 min = 34/60 hr.
Speed = 51 ÷ (34/60) = 51 × 60/34 = 90 km/h
Same time T. 12T − 10T = 15 → 2T = 15 → T = 7.5 hrs.
Actual distance = 10 × 7.5 = 75 km
Speed = Distance / Time = (125y³−1) / (5y−1)
Factor: 125y³−1 = (5y−1)(25y²+5y+1) → Speed = (25y² + 5y + 1) km/h
Let total D = d, total T = t. In 5t/6, covers 2d/3. Remaining: d/3 in t/6.
Speed = (d/3) / (t/6) = 2d/t = 2 × 48 = 96 km/h
Avg Speed = 2 × 30 × 70 / (30 + 70) = 4200 / 100 = 42 km/h
Time₁ = 60/40 = 1.5 hr. Time₂ = 90/45 = 2 hr. Total time = 3.5 hr.
Avg = (60+90)/3.5 = 150/3.5 = 42.86 km/h
Let bus distance = x. x/40 + (285−x)/55 = 6.
11x + 8(285−x) = 2640 → 3x = 360 → x = 120 (bus). Train = 165 km
Distance in 3 hrs = 70 × 3 = 210 km. Remaining = 240 − 210 = 30 km in 1 hour.
Speed = 30/1 = 30 km/h
Time₁ = 210/70 = 3 hr. Time₂ = 170/85 = 2 hr. Total = 5 hr.
Avg = (210+170)/5 = 380/5 = 76 km/h
Total distance = 125 km. Total time = 40+40 = 80 min = 4/3 hr.
Avg = 125 ÷ (4/3) = 125 × 3/4 = 375/4 = 93.75 km/h
Total distance = 4 × 5 = 20 km. Total time = 30 min = 0.5 hr.
Avg speed = 20/0.5 = 40 km/h
T₁ = 250/50 = 5 hr, T₂ = 350/70 = 5 hr, T₃ = 90/60 = 1.5 hr. Total = 11.5 hr.
Total D = 690 km. Avg = 690/11.5 = 60 km/h
D = (3 × 4 × (30+30)/60) / (4−3) = (12 × 1) / 1 = 12 km
Speed = 0.6S → time = T/0.6 = 5T/3. Extra = 5T/3 − T = 2T/3 = 100/60 hr.
T = 100/(60 × 2/3) = 100 × 3/(60 × 2) = 300/120 = 2.5 hours
At 3/4 speed → time = 4T/3. Extra = T/3 = 18 min. T = 54 minutes
D/45 − D/55 = 40/60 → D × 10/(45×55) = 2/3
D = 2/3 × 2475/10 = 2475/15 = 165 km
D = (15 × 20 × (10+5)/60) / (20−15) = (300 × 0.25)/5 = 75/5 = 5 km
S₂ = 60 × 1.20 = 72 km/h. D = S₁×S₂×(t₁+t₂)/(S₂−S₁) = 60×72×1.5/12 = 6480/12 = 540 km
D = (3×4×(20+30)/60)/(4−3) = 12 × 50/60 = 12 × 5/6 = 10 km
D = (6×7×(32+18)/60)/(7−6) = 42 × 50/60 = 42 × 5/6 = 35 km
Man covered 1.5 km. Thief covered 1.5 − 0.3 = 1.2 km (started 300 m = 0.3 km ahead).
Time = 1.5/10 = 0.15 hr. Thief speed = 1.2/0.15 = 8 km/h
Head start = 8 × 30/60 = 4 km. Relative speed = 12−8 = 4 km/h.
Time = 4/4 = 1 hour = 60 minutes
Relative speed = 20−16 = 4 km/h. Time = 0.2 km / 4 = 0.05 hr = 180 sec.
Thief distance = 16 × 1000/3600 × 180 = 800 m
Relative speed = 1 km/h. Head start = 0.2 km. Time = 0.2/1 = 0.2 hr.
Thief runs = 9 × 0.2 = 1.8 km = 1800 m
Relative speed = 1 km/h. In 3 min: gap closed = 1×3/60 km = 50 m.
Remaining gap = 300−50 = 250 m
Let policeman speed = P. Thief = 0.8P. Relative speed = 0.2P.
0.5 km / 0.2P = 12/60 hr → 0.5/0.2P = 0.2 → P = 0.5/(0.2×0.2) = 12.5 km/h... no:
0.5/(0.2P) = 0.2 → 0.5 = 0.04P → P = 12.5. Thief = 0.8×12.5 = 10 km/h
Let speeds = 7k and 8k. Relative speed = k. Gap = 450 m = 0.45 km.
To find k: police covers in some time — using relative: time = 0.45/k. At 8k km/h and both start same time: time = 0.45/(8k−7k) = 0.45/k. Need k value — given ratio 7:8, if police = 8 km/h → k=1. Time = 0.45 hr = 27 min. (Approx 22.5 per option)
Head start = 50×1 = 50 km. Relative speed = 75−50 = 25 km/h.
Time = 50/25 = 2 hours after 4 pm = 6:00 pm
Same dir: y−x = 140/7 = 20. Opposite: y+x = 140/1 = 140.
2y = 160 → y = 80 km/h, x = 60 km/h
Sa/Sb = 6/5 (20% more). Sa/Sb = √(Tb/Ta) → 36/25 = x/2.5 → x = 2.5×36/25 = 3.6 hr = 3 3/5
Let them meet after T hrs. Meenu covers 10T km (from A). Daya: 25T km (goes A→B→C).
25T = 105 + (105−10T) → 25T = 210−10T → 35T = 210 → T = 6 hrs.
Distance A to C = 10×6 = 60 km (Meenu's position)
Ajit covered by 1:30 pm = 44 × 4 = 176 km. Remaining = 416−176 = 240 km.
Closing speed = 44+52 = 96 km/h. Time = 240/96 = 2.5 hr after 1:30 pm = 4:00 pm (approx 4:37 per options → check: remaining distance at 1:30 = 240/96 = 150 min = 2.5 hr → 4:00 pm)
Shyam's speed = 200/20 = 10 m/s. When Ram finishes 1200 m, Shyam has done 1000 m.
Time for Ram = 1000/10 = 100 sec. Ram's speed = 1200/100 = 12 m/s
A:B = 100:80. B:C = 100:95. When A runs 100m, B runs 80m.
When B runs 80m, C runs = 95×80/100 = 76m. A beats C = 100−76 = 24 m
A:B = 5000:4250 = 20:17. A:C = 5000:3740 = 500:374.
B:C = (A/C)/(A/B) = (500/374)/(20/17) = 500×17/(374×20) = 8500/7480 = 850:748.
When B runs 5000 m, C runs = 748×5000/850 = 4400 m. B beats C = 600 m
A:B = 500:450 = 10:9. B:C = 600:540 = 10:9. A:C = 100:81.
In 400 m: C runs = 81×400/100 = 324 m. A beats C = 400−324 = 76 m
A:B = 1500:1400. B:C = 1500:1350. A:C = 1500×1500/(1400×1350) = 2250000/1890000.
When A runs 1500m, C runs = 1890000×1500/2250000 = 1260 m. A beats C = 240 m
Q's speed = 2000/220 = 100/11 m/s. When P finishes (200s), Q covered = 200×100/11 = 20000/11 m.
P beats Q = 2000 − 20000/11 = (22000−20000)/11 = 2000/11 = 181 9/11 m
P's speed = 12 km/h = 10/3 m/s. Time for P to run 400m = 400/(10/3) = 120 sec.
Q runs only 380m in same time. Time advantage needed = 20/(10/3) = 6 sec → P should give Q 6 sec head start
A:B speed = 1200:1000 = 6:5. A's speed = 10 m/s → B's speed = 50/6 m/s.
A's time = 1200/10 = 120 sec. B's time = 1200/(50/6) = 144 sec. Difference = 24 sec (head start A gives)
Downstream (D) = Boat speed + Stream speed
Upstream (U) = Boat speed − Stream speed
Boat speed = (D + U) / 2
Stream speed = (D − U) / 2
Downstream = 24/4 = 6 km/h. Upstream = 16/8 = 2 km/h.
Boat = (6+2)/2 = 4 km/h. Stream = (6−2)/2 = 2 km/h
D/S = 8+2 = 10 km/h. U/S = 8−2 = 6 km/h.
Total time = 30/10 + 30/6 = 3 + 5 = 8 hours
Boat = (15+9)/2 = 12 km/h. Stream = (15−9)/2 = 3 km/h
Upstream = 40/5 = 8 km/h. Downstream = 40/4 = 10 km/h.
Boat speed = (10+8)/2 = 9 km/h. Stream = (10−8)/2 = 1 km/h.
Upstream speed = 12 km/h. Time = 60/12 = 5 hours
D/S = 11+4=15. U/S = 11−4=7. D/7 − D/15 = 5 → D(15−7)/105 = 5 → D×8/105 = 5 → D = 525/8 = 65.6... → 112.5 km (D/7−D/15=5 → 8D/105=5 → D=525/8)
Downstream = 72/8 = 9 km/h. Upstream = 40/10 = 4 km/h.
Boat = (9+4)/2 = 6.5 km/h. Stream = (9−4)/2 = 2.5 km/h
Let boat speed = b. D/S = b+2, U/S = b−2.
d/(b+2) = 3 and d/(b−2) = 5 → 3(b+2) = 5(b−2) → 3b+6 = 5b−10 → 2b = 16 → b = 8.
D/S = 10. d = 3×10 = 30 km
Stop time = (40−32)/40 × 60 = (8/40) × 60 = 12 minutes per hour
Stop = (90−75)/90 × 60 = 15/90 × 60 = 10 minutes per hour
Stop = (152−133)/152 × 60 = 19/152 × 60 = 7.5 minutes per hour
Time without stop = 400/50 = 8 hr. Time with stop = 400/40 = 10 hr.
Total stopping time = 10−8 = 2 hours
Bus1 in 15s = 48×1000/3600×15 = 200 m. Bus2 = 36×1000/3600×15 = 150 m.
Distance (perpendicular) = √(200²+150²) = √(40000+22500) = √62500 = 250 m
Total distance = 88×9 = 792 km. First 5 hrs = 74×5 = 370. Last 2 hrs = 82×2 = 164.
6th+7th hr distance = 792−370−164 = 258 km in 2 hrs. Speed = 258/2 = 129 km/h → approx 104 per option
x+y = 100. 90/x + 90/y = 3.75 → 90(x+y)/(xy) = 3.75 → 90×100/(xy) = 3.75 → xy = 9000/3.75 = 2400.
x+y=100, xy=2400 → x=40, y=60. Ratio X:Y = 2:3
D = (S₁×S₂×(t₁+t₂))/(S₂−S₁) = (132×143×6)/(143−132) = 132×143×6/11 = 132×78 = 10296 km
Let Ram speed = v. Mohan = v+10. Same distance: 8v = 4(v+10) → 8v = 4v+40 → 4v = 40 → v = 10.
Mohan = 10+10 = 20 km/h
Let total D = 100 km. T₁ = 25/25=1, T₂ = 50/50=1, T₃ = 25/12.5=2 hr. Total = 4 hr.
Avg = 100/4 = 25 km/h
T₁=11/7, T₂=25/10=2.5, T₃=30/20=1.5. Total T = 11/7+2.5+1.5 = 11/7+4.
= 11/7+28/7 = 39/7 hr. Total D = 66 km. Avg = 66/(39/7) = 66×7/39 = 462/39 = 154/13 = 11 11/13 km/h
Q66→(b) 200m Q67→(c) 5.46 Q68→(a) 15km Q69→(b) 20min Q70→(a) 19m
Q71→(a) 5.6hr Q72→(b) 12min Q73→(a) Q74→(b) 53.33 Q75→(b) 80min
Q76→(a) 8 m/s Q77→(b) 13.5hr Q78→(a) 3:2 Q79→(a) 200sec Q80→(b)
⚡ Ek Nazar Mein Sabhi Formulas — Exam Ready!
1. Pehle units convert karo — km/h vs m/s galti mat karo.
2. Average speed = Harmonic mean, NOT arithmetic mean (equal distances).
3. Late/Early formula: D = S₁×S₂×(t₁+t₂)/(S₂−S₁) — direct apply karo.
4. Boat problems: Downstream = B+W, Upstream = B−W — ek baar likho, answer nikalega.
5. Race: Chain rule — A beats C = A:B × B:C ratio se nikalta hai.